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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bernal chart ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bernal chart A Bernal chart (bər′nal ′chärt) in crystallography, is a chart used for indexing X-ray diffraction photographs from single crystals. From such a chart may be read the axial and radial cylindrical coordinates of that point in reciprocal space which corresponds to any particular X-ray reflection.〔Singh, J., "Dictionary of Physics", APH Publishing Corp., New Delhi (2005), p.78〕 When a single crystal is examined in an X-ray Diffractometer such that the diffraction intensity is measured cylindrically around the crystal, it is convenient to use cylindrical coordinates to define the reciprocal lattice vectors and their terminal points. Different order reflections will be coaxial with the axis of rotation. These reflections are recorded as spots which lie on parallel lines known as layer lines. A reciprocal lattice vector can be represented by two mutually perpendicular vectors $\backslash zeta$ (along the rotation axis) and $\backslash xi$ in the horizontal plane (the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis) containing the X-ray beam. The third parameter specifying the reciprocal lattice vector is the angle $\backslash phi$ formed by the X-ray beam and the plane containing $\backslash zeta$ and $\backslash xi$. The vertical coordinate $\backslash zeta$ has a special significance, since all the reciprocal lattice points which have a constant $\backslash zeta$ value lie in the plane normal to the rotation axis. Such a plane corresponds to the oscillation line on the oscillation(rotation) photograph. Thus a layer line is characterized by a particular value $\backslash zeta$. The zeroth layer line has $\backslash zeta\; =\; 0$ (i.e., the equatorial layer line), the first layer line has $\backslash zeta\; =\; \backslash zeta\_1$ and the second layer line has $\backslash zeta\; =\; \backslash zeta\_2$, and so on. Alternatively the reciprocal lattice points lie a long a cylinder with a constant $\backslash xi$ value whose axis is coincident with the rotation axis. If the crystal is mounted on the c-axis then the layer lines are related to the repeat distance along this axis. If H is the layer separation distance and R is the radius of the detector then $\backslash frac\; =\; tan(\backslash mu)$ where $\backslash mu$ is the layer line angle.〔Tareen, J. and Kutty, T., "A Basic Course in Crystallography", University Press (2001), p.160-1〕 Contours of constant $\backslash zeta$ and $\backslash xi$ are important in the interpretation of oscillation (rotation) measurements. A chart exhibiting such curves as they would appear on an X-ray photograph was first prepared by Bernal and is called a Bernal chart. The scale used in a given chart depends on the distance the detector is from the crystal. Historically, Bernal charts were provided in the form of transparencies so that they could be superimposed over X-ray photographic film which allowed the $\backslash zeta$ and $\backslash xi$ coordinates to be read directly from the film.〔Verma, A.R. and Srivastava, O.N., "Crystallography Applied to Solid State Physics", New Age International Limited, New Delhi (2005), p.369-70〕 ==See also== * Greninger chart * John Desmond Bernal 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bernal chart」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.